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Researchers Identify New Genes Linked With Schizophrenia Risk in First-of-Its-Kind Study

Researchers have made an important discovery about the causes of schizophrenia, a disease related to dementia or fragmented mentality.   Researchers have identified two genes associated with the disease as well as a third gene that carries the risk of schizophrenia and autism. Scientists involved in this research believes, this discovery can go a long way in finding a cure for these kind of diseases. Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine found that these harmful genes are almost the same in every ethnic or racial group. The findings of this research were published in Nature Genetics . According to an estimate, about one percent of people worldwide suffering from schizophrenia. The scientists identified two risky genes, SRRM2 and AKAP11, based on a comparative analysis of gene sequencing from individuals with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. It compared a dataset of 35,828 patients with schizophrenia to 107,877 healthy or control groups and included a variety of
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The Most Distant Galaxy Ever Discovered by An International Group of Astronomers

The universe, in itself, contains so many mysteries that it can hardly be veiled from them. Astronomers are constantly unraveling these mysteries, but as soon as one mystery is revealed, another one also comes out after some time.

There are countless stars, galaxies and other cosmic objects in the universe that have always amazed us. The universe is being explored with the help of Hubble and other state-of-the-art instruments.

In line with this, an international group of astronomers claims to have discovered the most distant galaxy ever. It is also located at a great distance from the most recently discovered star named Earendel.

The distance of this star from Earth is about 12.9 billion light years, while this galaxy is located at a distance of 13.5 billion light years from us. 

Astronomers have named this galaxy HD-1. However, he has not fully confirmed it. Perhaps the James Webb Telescope can get more information related to this.

According to scientists - this possible galaxy was formed about 300 million years after the Big Bang. This research was published in The Astronomical Journal.

According to Fabio, the HD-1 galaxy appears very bright in ultraviolet light. From this, it can be inferred that some energetic action is happening there or it has happened billions of years ago. From the initial findings, researchers had speculated that it might be a starburst galaxy. 

A starburst galaxy refers to a galaxy that is engaged in a massive star formation process. However, later calculations revealed that HD-1 is producing more than 100 stars per year. This is less than expected for such galaxies. It is not normally forming stars like other galaxies.

The stars that formed after the Big Bang in the universe (early stars) were more massive, hotter, brighter than the stars that forming now. 

If we assume that the stars formed in the HD-1 galaxy are early stars or Population-3, then their properties can be easily explained. Population-3 stars emit more light than normal stars. 

Therefore, it may also be that due to this reason the HD-1 galaxy is shining more in ultraviolet light.

In addition, astronomers have pointed to two conditions behind this galaxy's light emission. First, it may be that this galaxy is forming stars on a large scale (these stars may be the earliest stars of the universe that have not yet been discovered). 

Second, at the center of this galaxy could be a supermassive black hole 100 million times more massive than our Sun.

A challenging quest

According to astronomer Fabio Pascucci at the Center for Astrophysics, 'It is a very challenging task to find out about the nature of an object located so far away. It is akin to finding out the country of a ship standing amidst thick fog in the sea, whose flag may have some color and shape but cannot be seen completely. It is a very difficult task to investigate the early objects of the universe'.

How was this discovery done?

This galaxy was discovered after more than 1200 hours of observation with the help of Subaru Telescope, VISTA Telescope, UK Infrared Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope. Further exploration required astronomers to use the James Webb telescope.

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